Kimwe na choline na methionine, Betaine igira uruhare mu mikorere y’itsinda rya methyl mu mwijima kandi itanga itsinda ryayo rya methyl ritandukanye kugira ngo rikoreshwe mu gukora ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi mu mikorere y’itsinda nka carnitine, creatine n’imisemburo (Reba Ishusho ya 1)

 

Choline, methionine na betaine byose bifitanye isano mu mikorere y’itsinda rya methyl. Kubwibyo, kongeramo betaine bishobora kugabanya ibisabwa kuri izi tsinda rya methyl. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imwe mu mikoreshereze izwi ya betaine mu biryo by’amatungo ni ugusimbuza (igice cya) choline chloride no kongeramo methionine mu ndyo. Bitewe n’ibiciro ku isoko, ibi bisimbura muri rusange bizigama ikiguzi cy’ibiryo, mu gihe bikomeza umusaruro.

Iyo betaine ikoreshejwe mu gusimbura izindi methyldonors, betaine ikoreshwa nk'ibicuruzwa, bivuze ko ingano ya betaine mu ifumbire y'ibiryo ishobora guhindagurika kandi iterwa n'ibiciro by'ibinyabutabire bifitanye isano nka choline na methionine. Ariko, betaine si intungamubiri itanga methyl gusa kandi gushyiramo betaine mu biryo bigomba gufatwa nk'uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere.

Betaine nk'umusemburo urinda

Uretse akazi kayo ko gutanga methyl, betaine ikora nk'umusemburo wa osmoregulator. Iyo betaine idakoreshejwe n'umwijima mu mikorere ya methyl, iboneka kugira ngo uturemangingo tuyikoreshe nk'umusemburo wa osmolyte.

Nk’umusemburo wa osmolyte, betaine yongera amazi mu mubiri, ariko kandi, izarinda imiterere y’uturemangingo nka poroteyine, enzymes na ADN. Iyi miterere yo kurinda osmo ya betaine ni ingenzi cyane ku turemangingo dufite stress (osmotic). Kubera kwiyongera kw’ubwinshi bwa betaine mu mubiri, uturemangingo dufite stress dushobora kubungabunga neza imikorere yatwo nko gukora enzymes, ADN replication no kwiyongera kw’uturemangingo. Bitewe no kubungabunga imikorere y’uturemangingo, betaine ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo kunoza imikorere y’inyamaswa cyane cyane mu bihe byihariye by’stress (stress y’ubushyuhe, ikibazo cya coccidiosis, umunyu wo mu mazi, nibindi). Kongeramo betaine mu biryo byagaragaye ko ari ingirakamaro mu bihe bitandukanye no ku matungo atandukanye.

Ingaruka nziza za betaine

Birashoboka ko ikintu cyigwa cyane ku ngaruka nziza za betaine ari ubushyuhe bwinshi. Inyamaswa nyinshi ziba mu bushyuhe burenze ubushyuhe bwazo, bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ubushyuhe bukabije ni ikibazo gisanzwe aho ari ngombwa ko amatungo agenzura uburinganire bw'amazi. Kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora nk'umuyoboro w'amazi urinda, betaine igabanya ubushyuhe nk'uko bigaragazwa urugero nko kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe mu maraso no kugabanuka k'imyitwarire yo guhumeka mu nyamaswa z'inkoko.

Kugabanya ubushyuhe mu matungo bituma amatungo arya ibiryo byayo kandi bigafasha mu gukomeza gukora neza. Raporo zigaragaza ko atari mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa "broilers" gusa, ahubwo no mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa "layers", "ingurube", "inkwavu", "amata" n'inka z'inka, zigaragaza ingaruka nziza za "betaine" mu gutuma ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi ndetse no mu gihe cy'ubukonje bwinshi. Nanone, kugira ngo betaine ikomeze ubuzima bwiza mu mara, irashobora gufasha. Ingirabuzima fatizo zo mu mara zihora zihura n'ibintu byinshi mu mara, kandi mu gihe cy'impiswi, ikibazo cya "osmotic" kuri izi ngirabuzima fatizo kizaba kinini kurushaho. Betaine ni ingenzi mu kurinda "osmotic" ingirabuzima fatizo zo mu mara.

Kubungabunga uburinganire bw'amazi n'ingano y'uturemangingo binyuze mu kwibumbira muri betaine mu turemangingo bituma imiterere y'amara irushaho kuba myiza (villi nyinshi) no koroherwa neza (bitewe no kuba enzyme ikora neza ndetse no kwiyongera k'ubuso bwo kwinjiza intungamubiri). Ingaruka nziza za betaine ku buzima bw'amara zigaragara cyane cyane ku matungo afite ibibazo: urugero nk'inkoko zirwaye coccidiosis n'ingurube zikiri nto.

Betaine izwi kandi nka "carcass modifer". Imirimo myinshi ya betaine igira uruhare mu mikorere ya poroteyine, ingufu n'ibinure mu nyamaswa. Mu nkoko no mu ngurube, umusaruro mwinshi w'inyama zo mu mabere n'umusaruro w'inyama zoroheje, bivugwa mu bushakashatsi bwinshi bwa siyansi. Guteranya ibinure bituma ibinure bike mu nyamaswa, bigatuma ubwiza bw'inyamaswa burushaho kuba bwiza.

Betaine nk'umuti wongera imikorere

Ingaruka nziza zose zavuzwe za betaine zigaragaza akamaro k’iyi ntungamubiri. Bityo rero, kongera betaine mu ndyo bigomba gufatwa nk’ikintu gisimbura izindi methyl donor no kuzigama amafaranga y’ibiryo, ahubwo no nk’inyongera mu buryo bw’ingirakamaro mu gushyigikira ubuzima bw’amatungo no gukora neza.

Itandukaniro riri hagati y’izi ngarukambi ni urugero rw’ibipimo. Nk’umuti wa methyldonor, betaine ikunze gukoreshwa mu biryo ku rugero rwa 500ppm cyangwa munsi yayo. Kugira ngo wongere imikorere, hakoreshwa urugero rwa 1000-kugeza-2000ppm betaine. Izi ngaruka nyinshi zituma betaine idahinduka, itembera mu mubiri w’inyamaswa, ishobora kwinjiza uturemangingo kugira ngo tuyirinde stress (osmotic) bityo igafasha ubuzima bw’inyamaswa n’imikorere yayo.

Umwanzuro

Betaine ifite akamaro gatandukanye ku matungo atandukanye. Mu biryo by'amatungo, betaine ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igicuruzwa mu kuzigama amafaranga y'ibiryo, ariko ishobora no gushyirwa mu mirire kugira ngo irusheho kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'amatungo no kunoza imikorere yayo. Cyane cyane muri iki gihe, aho tugerageza kugabanya ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike, gushyigikira ubuzima bw'amatungo ni ingenzi cyane. Betaine ikwiye gushyirwa mu rutonde rw'ibindi bintu bitera imbaraga mu buvuzi bw'amatungo.