Umunyu wa ammonium wa Quaternaryishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe mu gusukura imiti yica udukoko muubworozi bw'amafi, ariko hakwiye kwitabwaho uburyo bukwiye bwo gukoresha no gushyira mu gaciro kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi.

1,Umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary ni iki?
Umunyu wa ammonium wa Quaternaryni umuti wica udukoko uhendutse, ufatika, kandi ukoreshwa cyane hamwe n’imiti ya shimi (CnH2n+1) (CH3) 3N+X -, aho X - ishobora kuba Cl -, Br -, I -, SO42-, nibindi. Mu gisubizo cy’amazi, igaragara nk’umusemburo cyangwa amazi kandi ishobora kwica vuba udukoko nka bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, nibindi. Ntabwo byoroshye kwibasirwa n’ibintu bikomoka ku bimera n’ubukomere bw’amazi.
2,Ihame ryo kwica udukoko mu buryo bwaumunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary
Ihame ryo kwica udukoko ku munyu wa ammonium wa quaternary ni ugusenya uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo na poroteyine za bagiteri, bigatuma batakaza ubushobozi bwo gukura no kororoka. Ingaruka zo kwica udukoko ku munyu wa ammonium wa quaternary zifitanye isano n’ibintu nk’ubwinshi bw’uturemangingo, agaciro ka pH, igihe cyo gukorana n’uturemangingo, n’ubushyuhe.
3,Uburyo bwo gukoresha neza umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary
1. Kugenzura uburyo ibintu byibandwaho
Iyo umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary ukoreshejwe mu gusukura amazi mu bworozi bw'amafi, ubwinshi bw'amazi bugomba kugenzurwa hakurikijwe ingano n'ubukana bw'amazi. Muri rusange, gukoresha ubwinshi bwa 0.1% -0.2% by'umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary bishobora gusukura amazi neza, ariko ntibishobora kurenza 0.5%.
2. Igihe cyo kuvugana
Mu gihe ukoresha umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary mu gusukura amazi, ni ngombwa kugenzura ko bihuye neza n'amazi n'amazi. Muri rusange ni byiza gusukura amazi mu gihe cy'iminota 30 kugeza ku masaha 2.
3. Kugenzura inshuro
Mu gihe ukoresha umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary mu gusukura, inshuro zo gusukura nazo zigomba kugenzurwa. Gukoresha cyane bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije byo mu mazi, kandi muri rusange ntibigomba kurenza rimwe mu cyumweru.
4, Amabwiriza yo kwirinda
1. Irinde ikoreshwa rirenze urugero
Gukoresha cyane umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary bishobora kongera ingano ya ammonia azote na azote mu mazi, bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije by’amazi ndetse bigatera ibibazo nko gupfa kw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi.
2. Irinde kuvanga n'indi miti
Umunyu wa ammonium wa Quaternary ntugomba kuvangwa n'indi miti yica udukoko, bitabaye ibyo hashobora kubaho ingaruka za shimi, bigagabanya ubushobozi bwo kwica udukoko no gukora ibintu byangiza.
3. Itondere umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye
Umunyu wa ammonium wa Quaternaryni umuti wica udukoko udahumanya cyane, kandi uturindantoki tugomba kwambarwa mu gihe ukoreshwa, wirinde ko bigera mu maso no mu kanwa. Iyo bigeze mu maso cyangwa bigeze mu maso ku buryo butamenyerewe, hita usukura kandi ushake ubufasha kwa muganga.
5, Isesengura ry'umutekano
Nubwoumunyu wa ammonium wa quaternaryni imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa cyane, ni ngombwa kwita ku buryo bukwiye bwo kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije byo mu mazi n'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi.

Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n'ibyo bwagaragaje ko iyo hakoreshejwe neza uburyo bwo kwihutisha no kwica udukoko, umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary ugira uburozi buke kuibinyabuzima byo mu mazikandi ntibizagira ingaruka zikomeye kuri bo.

Ihame ry'imikorere y'umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary waokiside ya trimethylamine (TMAO)ahanini bigaragarira mu miterere yayo ya surfactant no kudahinduka kwa shimi:
Ibikorwa byo hejuru:umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternaryImiterere yayo iha imiterere ibiri yo kunyura mu mazi no kunyura mu mazi, ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi ku buso. Mu isabune, iyi miterere ifasha gukuraho amabara y'amavuta: impera y'amazi ihurirana n'amazi, naho impera y'amazi ihurirana n'amavuta, bigatuma habaho micelles zitwikira umwanda.
Ubudahangarwa bw'imiterere: Polarity ya azote ogisijeni (N → O) y'umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary irakomeye, ishobora gutuma imiterere ya poroteyine ikomera. Mu kugenzura umuvuduko wa osmotic, poroteyine zirindwa ibintu bihindura imiterere nka urea na azote ya ammonia binyuze mu mikoranire y'amashanyarazi.
Ubushobozi buke bwo kugabanya ogisijeni: Nk'umuti woroshye, atome za ogisijeni ziri muumunyu wa ammonium wa quaternaryimiterere ishobora kwimurirwa mu bindi bintu (nk'ibisubizo bya aldehyde synthesis) hanyuma ikagabanywa ubwayo ikaba trimethylamine

Muri make,umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternaryishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe mu gusukura imiti mu bworozi bw'amafi, ariko hakwiye kwitabwaho uburyo bwiza bwo kuyikoresha n'ingano yayo kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi.