Inganda zitunganya ibiryo by'amatungo zakomeje kwibasirwa n'"icyorezo cya kabiri" cy'indwara y'ingurube yo muri Afurika na COVID-19, kandi zihanganye n'ikibazo cya "kabili" cyo kongera ibiciro inshuro nyinshi no kubuza burundu. Nubwo inzira iri imbere yuzuyemo ingorane, inganda z'ubworozi nazo zirimo guteza imbere impinduka no kunoza imikorere yazo ndetse zigashyigikira iterambere ry'inganda. Iyi nyandiko iganira ahanini ku buryo bwo kunoza imikorere ya enzymes zo mu gifu mu mara y'inkoko, guteza imbere iterambere ry'amara no kunoza imiterere y'ibimera byo mu mara.

Uduce tw’amara ni urugingo rw’ingenzi ku nkoko kugira ngo zigogore kandi zigashyiremo intungamubiri. Igogorwa ry’amara rikorwa ahanini binyuze mu bikorwa bya enzyme (exopeptidase, enzyme ya oligosaccharide, lipase, nibindi); Intungamubiri nto za molekile zikorwa na enzyme zinyura mu gice cy’amara cy’inyuma y’amara zigashyirwamo n’uturemangingo tw’amara.

Amara kandi ni uruzitiro karemano rwo kurinda inkoko antigens z'ibiribwa, mikorobe zitera indwara n'ibintu byangiza ibidukikije, no kubungabunga ibidukikije by'imbere. Uruzitiro rw'amara rugizwe n'uruzitiro rw'imashini, uruzitiro rw'ibinyabutabire, uruzitiro rw'imikorobe n'uruzitiro rw'ubudahangarwa kugira ngo birinde hamwe kwinjira kw'ibintu by'amahanga birwanya antigens. Uruzitiro rw'imashini (uruzitiro rw'umubiri) ruvuga uturemangingo twuzuye tw'amara dufitanye isano rya hafi; Uruzitiro rw'ibinyabutabire rugizwe n'ibishishwa, umutobe w'igifu uva mu turemangingo tw'amara hamwe n'ibintu birwanya bagiteri biva mu mara, bishobora gukumira cyangwa kwica mikorobe zitera indwara; Uruzitiro rw'ibinyabuzima rugizwe no kudakomera kw'ibimera byo mu mara kuri bagiteri zitera indwara no kwibumbira hamwe hagati ya bagiteri; Uruzitiro rw'ubudahangarwa ni rwo rugingo runini rw'imitsi n'ingingo z'ingenzi zifitanye isano n'umuyoboro w'amaraso. Kubwibyo, kororoka ni ukuzamura inzira y'amara, kandi kugenzura ko ubuzima bw'amara ari ingenzi mu kororoka neza nta nzitizi.

Aside ifite ingaruka zo gutera aside no gutera bagiteri, kandi igira uruhare runini mu korora inkoko neza. Aside organic isanzwe irimo aside zoroshye za karubokisilike (aside formique, aside acetic, aside propionic na aside butyric), aside carboxylic zirimo amatsinda ya hydroxyl (aside lactic, aside malic, aside tartaric na aside citric), aside carboxylic y'uruhererekane rugufi irimo imigozi ibiri (aside fumaric na aside sorbic) na aside inorganic (aside fosforike) (sh Khan na j Iqbal, 2016). Ubushobozi bwa aside zitandukanye bwo gutera aside no gutera bagiteriostatic buratandukanye, urugero, aside formique ifite ubushobozi bwa bagiteriostatic bukomeye; Muri aside kuri buri kimwe cy'uburemere, aside formique ifite ubushobozi bwa hydrogen buhanitse; aside propionic na aside formique bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kurwanya mildew. Kubwibyo, mu guhitamo aside, igomba gupimwa mu buryo bwa siyansi hakurikijwe imiterere ya aside. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko kongeramo aside mu mirire bishobora kunoza no guteza imbere iterambere ry'amara, kunoza imikorere ya enzymes zo mu gifu mu mara, kunoza imiterere y'ibimera byo mu mara, no gufasha kororoka neza hatabayeho ibiryo birwanya Ubuyapani.

Mu gusoza, gutegura aside bifite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw'amara y'inkoko. Mu gushyira no guhitamo aside, hagomba kwitabwaho imiterere, ingano, ingano n'uburyo itegurwamo aside kugira ngo habeho umutekano, ihame n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa.