Ingamba zitandukanye z’imirire zikomeje kugeragezwa kugira ngo hakorwe isuku y’inyama z’inkoko. Betaine ifite umwihariko wo kunoza ubuziranenge bw’inyama kuko igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura uburinganire bwa osmotic, imikorere y’intungamubiri ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa antioxydants bw’inkoko z’inkoko. Ariko se ni mu buhe buryo igomba gutangwa kugira ngo ikoreshe inyungu zayo zose?

Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gusohoka mu kinyamakuru Poultry Science, abashakashatsi bagerageje gusubiza ikibazo cyavuzwe haruguru bagereranya imikorere y’inkoko z’inka n’ubwiza bw’inyama n’ubwoko bubiri bwabetaine: betaine idakora na hydrochloride betaine.

Betaine iboneka cyane nk'inyongeramusaruro mu buryo bwo kongerera ibiribwa imiti isukuye. Ubwoko buzwi cyane bwa betaine yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni betaine idakora na hydrochloride betaine. Kubera ko inyama z'inkoko ziyongera, uburyo bwo korora cyane bwashyizwe mu gutunganya inyama z'inkoko kugira ngo umusaruro urusheho kwiyongera. Ariko, uyu musaruro mwinshi ushobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku nyamaswa z'inkoko, nko kumererwa nabi no kugabanuka k'ubwiza bw'inyama.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya udukoko mu nkoko

Ibinyuranye n’ibyo ni uko kunoza imibereho y’abaguzi bivuze ko abaguzi biteze uburyohe bwiza n’ibikomoka ku nyama byiza kurushaho. Kubwibyo, hageragejwe ingamba zitandukanye zo kunoza ubwiza bw’inyama z’inkoko aho betaine yibanzweho cyane bitewe n’imikorere yayo mu mirire no mu mikorere yayo.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

Inkomoko rusange ya betaine ni beterave z'isukari n'ibikomoka kuri zo, nka molasses. Nyamara, betaine iraboneka nk'inyongera ku biryo hamwe n'uburyo buzwi cyane bwo kugaburira.betainekuba betaine idakora neza na hydrochloride betaine.

Muri rusange, betaine, nk'umutanga methyl, igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura uburinganire bwa osmotike, imikorere y'intungamubiri ndetse n'ubushobozi bwa antioxydant bw'inkoko. Bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye ya molekile, betaine idafite amazi igaragaza ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gushonga mu mazi ugereranije na hydrochloride betaine, bityo yongera ubushobozi bwayo bwa osmotike. Ku rundi ruhande, hydrochloride betaine itera kugabanuka kwa pH mu gifu, bityo ikaba ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo intungamubiri zinjira mu buryo butandukanye na betaine idafite amazi.

Indyo

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagamije gusuzuma ingaruka z'ubwoko bubiri bwa betaine (betaine idafite amazi na betaine ya hydrochloride) ku mikurire, ubwiza bw'inyama n'ubushobozi bwo kurwanya antioxidant bw'inkoko. Imishwi y'inkoko 400 y'ingabo nshya yavutse yagabanyijwemo amatsinda 5 mu buryo butunguranye kandi igaburirwa indyo 5 mu gihe cy'iminsi 52 yo kugaburira.

Inkomoko ebyiri za betaine zakozwe kugira ngo zibe zingana. Indyo yari ikurikira.
Kugenzura: Inkoko zo mu itsinda ryagenzuwe zahawe indyo y'ibanze y'ibishyimbo by'ibigori n'ibishyimbo bya soya
Indyo ya betaine idafite amazi: Indyo y'ibanze yongerewemo urugero rubiri rwa 500 na 1.000 mg / kg ya betaine idafite amazi
Indyo ya Hydrochloride betaine: Indyo y'ibanze yongereweho urugero rubiri rwa 642.23 na 1284.46 mg/kg ya hydrochloride betaine.

Imiterere y'ikura n'umusaruro w'inyama

Muri ubu bushakashatsi, indyo yuzuyemo betaine nyinshi idafunze yazamuye ibiro cyane, ifata ibiryo, yagabanyije FCR kandi yongera umusaruro w'imitsi y'amabere n'amatako ugereranije n'amatsinda ya betaine ya hydrochloride. Ukwiyongera k'imikorere y'imikurire kwanajyanye no kwiyongera kwa poroteyine mu mitsi y'ibere: betaine nyinshi idafunze yazamutse cyane (ku kigero cya 4.7%) mu mitsi y'ibere mu gihe betaine nyinshi ya hydrochloride yongereye umubare wa poroteyine idafunze mu mitsi y'ibere (ku kigero cya 3.9%).

Byavuzwe ko iyi ngaruka ishobora kuba iterwa nuko betaine ishobora kugira uruhare mu mikorere ya methionine kugira ngo irinde methionine ikora nk'umutanga wa methyl, bityo methionine nyinshi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora poroteyine mu mitsi. Ikindi kandi cyatanzwe ku ruhare rwa betaine mu kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya myogenic gene ndetse n'inzira ya insuline-like growth factor-1 ishyigikira kwiyongera kwa poroteyine mu mitsi.

Byongeye kandi, byagaragajwe ko betaine idakora amazi iryoshye, mu gihe betaine ya hydrochloride iryoshye isharira, ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ibiryo biryoha no kurya inyama z'inkoko. Byongeye kandi, inzira yo gusya no kwinjiza intungamubiri iterwa n'aho intungamubiri ziherereye, bityo ubushobozi bwa betaine bwo gukora osmotic bushobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo igogorwa. Betaine idakora amazi igaragaza ubushobozi bwa osmotic bwiza kurusha hydrochloride betaine bitewe nuko ishonga cyane. Kubwibyo, inyama z'inkoko zigaburirwa betaine idakora amazi zishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gusya neza kurusha izo zabugenewe.

Glycolise ya anaerobic nyuma y’urupfu rw’imitsi n’ubushobozi bwa antioxydant ni ibimenyetso bibiri by’ingenzi byerekana ubuziranenge bw’inyama. Nyuma yo kuva amaraso, kureka gutanga ogisijeni bihindura imikorere y’imitsi. Hanyuma glycolise ya anaerobic byanze bikunze ibaho kandi igatuma aside lactic yiyongera.

Muri ubu bushakashatsi, indyo yuzuyemo betaine nyinshi idafite amazi yagabanyije cyane ingano ya lactate mu mitsi y'ibere. Kurundanya aside lactic ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma pH y'imitsi igabanuka nyuma yo kubagwa. pH nyinshi mu mitsi y'ibere hamwe n'inyongera ya betaine nyinshi muri ubu bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko betaine ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi nyuma yo gupfa kugira ngo igabanye ubwiyongere bwa lactate no kwangirika kwa poroteyine, ibi bikaba bigabanya kubura kw'amazi.

Kugabanuka kw'inyama, cyane cyane kugabanuka kw'ibinure mu mubiri, ni impamvu ikomeye ituma ubuziranenge bw'inyama bugabanuka, bigatuma agaciro k'indyo kagabanuka, ariko bigatera ibibazo by'imiterere y'umubiri. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, indyo yuzuyemo betaine nyinshi yagabanyije cyane ingano ya MDA mu mitsi y'ibere n'iy'ikibero, bigaragaza ko betaine ishobora kugabanya kwangirika kwa oxidative.

Ibyerekezo bya mRNA bya genes zirwanya okisidasiyo (Nrf2 na HO-1) byazamutse cyane mu itsinda rya betaine idakora neza kurusha indyo ya hydrochloride betaine, binatuma ubushobozi bwo kurwanya okisidasiyo bw’imitsi burushaho kwiyongera.

Igipimo gisabwa

Muri ubu bushakashatsi, abashakashatsi basanze betaine idakora amazi igaragaza ingaruka nziza kurusha hydrochloride betaine mu kunoza imikorere y’inkoko z’inkoko n’umusaruro w’imitsi y’amabere. Inyongezo ya betaine idakora amazi (1.000 mg/kg) cyangwa equimolar hydrochloride betaine ishobora no kunoza ubwiza bw’inyama z’inkoko mu kugabanya lactate kugira ngo yongere pH y’imitsi, bigatuma amazi akwirakwira mu nyama agabanura gutakaza amazi, no kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya antioxidant y’imitsi. Ukurikije imikorere y’imikurire n’ubwiza bw’inyama, betaine idakora amazi 1.000 mg/kg yasabwe ku nkoko z’inkoko.