Gutera ibisasuni ingenzi mu gukura kw'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa crustacean. Penaeus vannamei ikenera gushonga inshuro nyinshi mu buzima bwayo kugira ngo ihuze n'urugero rw'imikurire y'umubiri.

Guhindura amategeko ya Penaeus vannamei

Umubiri wa Penaeus vannamei ugomba gushonga buri gihe kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gukura. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi ari 28°C, udusimba duto dushonga rimwe mu masaha 30 ~ 40; Udusimba duto dupima 1 ~ 5g dushonga rimwe mu minsi 4 ~ 6; Udusimba turengeje 15g muri rusange dushonga rimwe mu byumweru 2.

Ⅱ、 Isesengura ry'ibimenyetso byinshi n'impamvu zitera gushonga

1. Ibimenyetso byinshi by'igihe cyo gushonga

Igikonoshwa cya shrimp gikomeye cyane, kizwi cyane nka "ifi y'uruhu rw'icyuma". Gifite igifu kirimo ubusa cyangwa igifu gisigaye. Ntikibona neza inzira y'amara, ibara riri ku mubiri rirakomeye, kandi ibara ry'umuhondo ririyongera cyane. By'umwihariko, impande zombi za operculum ni umukara, umutuku n'umuhondo, uduce tw'igifu turabyimbye, umweru, umuhondo n'umukara, kandi intambwe n'ibirenge byuzuyeho utudomo dutukura. Ishusho y'ifi y'umwijima irasobanutse, ntabwo yabyimbye cyangwa ngo ihinduke, kandi imiterere y'agace k'umutima ntabwo isobanutse neza kandi umuhondo w'ibitaka.

2. Isambaza akenshi zigira ciliates nyinshi

Igishishwa cy'isambaza ni uruhu rufite ibice bibiri, rushobora gukurwaho no kuzunguza uruhu buhoro buhoro. Uruhu rurakomeye cyane, ruzwi nka "isambaza ebyiri z'uruhu" cyangwa "isambaza zitukura". Ni nto, zifite melanin nyinshi ku mubiri, kubyimba no gukomereka kw'udusimba tw'ijisho, ahanini umuhondo n'umukara. Amara n'igifu bishiramo ubusa, imbaraga nke. Kuryama hafi y'ikidendezi cyangwa kuzerera ku mazi, bigaragaza ibimenyetso byo kubura umwuka. Kwiyumvamo impinduka mu bidukikije, hamwe n'impinduka nke n'ubwiyongere bunini bw'impfu.

3. Uburyo bwo gushonga neza bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu bikurikira:

1) Mbere yo gushonga, bivuga igihe kuva ku iherezo ry’ishonga rya nyuma kugeza ku ntangiriro y’ishonga rikurikira. Igihe gitandukana bitewe n’uburebure bw’umubiri, muri rusange hagati y’iminsi 12 na 15. Muri iki gihe, Penaeus vannamei yibandaga ku ntungamubiri, cyane cyane kalisiyumu.

2) Gushonga, amasegonda make gusa kugeza ku minota irenga icumi. Gushonga bitwara imbaraga nyinshi. Iyo isambaza zidakomeye cyangwa zidafite intungamubiri mu mubiri, akenshi zishonga neza kandi zigakora igishishwa cy’ibice bibiri.

3) Nyuma yo gushonga, yerekeza ku gihe uruhu rushya ruhinduka kuva ku rworoshye rujya ku gukomera, kandi igihe ni iminsi 2 kugeza 1.5 (usibye imbuto z'isambaza). Nyuma y'uko igishishwa gishaje gikuweho, igishishwa gishya ntigishobora gushonga mu gihe, bityo kikarema "isambaza zoroshye".

4. Igabanuka ry'amazi meza n'ibura ry'indyo ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera iyi ndwara

Gutakaza ubuziranenge bw'amazi bikunze kubaho mu byuzi bifite ibara ryinshi ry'amazi, kandi ubuziranenge buba hafi ya zeru. Hari utubumbe twa peteroli n'umubare munini w'ibimera byapfuye ku buso bw'amazi, kandi rimwe na rimwe hari impumuro y'amafi ku buso bw'amazi. Muri iki gihe, ibimera byiyongera cyane, kandi ogisijeni yashongeshejwe ku buso bw'amazi iba yuzuye cyane ku manywa; nijoro, umubare munini w'ibimera uba ikintu gikoresha ogisijeni, bigatuma ogisijeni yashongeshejwe iba nkeya munsi y'ikidendezi, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku kugaburira no gushonga kw'ibimera. Igihe kirekire, igishishwa kiba gikomeye cyane.

5. Impinduka mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere n'uburozi buturuka hanze bishobora gutera gushonga ku buryo budasanzwe kw'udusimba, ari nabyo bituma habaho "udusimba tw'uruhu rubiri" na "udusimba tworoshye".

Ⅲ, Akamaro kainyongeramusaruro ya kalisiyumumugihe cyo gushonga Penaeus vannamei:

Kalisiyumu ibikwa mu mubiri w’isambaza irabura cyane. Iyo isi yo hanze ituzuye ku gihe, Penaeus vannamei ntashobora kwinjiza kalisiyumu itangwa n’umubiri w’amazi, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutuma isambaza zishonga. Igihe cy’igishishwa gikomeye nyuma yo kushonga kiba kirekire cyane. Iyo yibasiwe na bagiteri cyangwa ikagira ikibazo muri iki gihe, biroroshye cyane gupfa mu buryo butandukanye. Kubwibyo, twagombye kongeramo kalisiyumu iri mu mubiri w’amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ubukorano. Isambaza zishobora kwinjiza kalisiyumu n’ingufu ziri mu mubiri w’amazi binyuze mu guhumeka no kwinjira mu mubiri.

Potasiyumu ihinduka +propionate ya kalisiyumuGufasha mu gusukura amazi no kongeramo kalisiyumu ntibifasha penaeus vannamei gushonga neza gusa, ahubwo binabuza bagiteri no kurwanya imihangayiko, bityo bikanongera inyungu zo korora isambaza.